European Journal of Endocrinology/European Federation of Endocrine Societies, 168 (5), 10.1530/EJE-12-1037
While intramuscular (IM) injections are widely used and generally safe when performed properly, even a small error in technique, needle placement, or injection site selection can lead to significant medical complications
That said, smaller individuals may do well with lower daily doses (e.g
Mountainside Medical is an authorized distributor and does not manufacture or reformulate this product
Animal-derived foods provide the most reliable and bioavailable sources of this essential nutrient
While B12 is generally safe, caution is needed in specific clinical situations: Lebers Disease (Hereditary Optic Neuropathy): B12 injections are generally contraindicated or should be used with extreme caution, as they may potentially aggravate optic atrophy in this rare condition