Injectable GHK-Cu aims to restore youthful systemic signaling something topical GHK-Cu formulations can do, but not at the therapeutic concentrations achieved via injection
This precise delivery mechanism helps to prevent undesired dispersion, absorption, or hydrolysis by non-targeted organelles, thus enhancing the efficacy of the treatment (Fig
Ashour M, Hajjar W, Al-Kattan K, Essa M, Al-Motrafi AA, Al-Saddique A, et al
Abbreviations RA: Rheumatoid arthritis MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ROS: Reactive oxygen species Dexa: Dexamethasone GC: Glucocorticoids CFU: Colony-forming unit CFA: Complete Freunds adjuvant NC: Normal control AC: Arthritic control PBT: Probiotics BS-PT: Bacillus subtilis Pre-treatment BS-CT: Bacillus subtilis Concurrent treatment IL: Interleukin TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor alpha N/S: Normal saline Nrf-2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor 2 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ABC: Avidin-biotinperoxidase complex DAB: 3,3-Diaminobenzidine H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide GSH: Reduced glutathione GST: Glutathione S-transferase CAT: Catalase MDA: Malonaldehyde NO: Nitric oxide RBC: Red blood cells WBC: White blood cells Hb: Hemoglobin Hct: Hematocrit ALT: Alanine transaminase AST: Aspartate aminotransferase ALP: Alkaline phosphatase H & E: Hematoxylin and eosin HI: Heme-agglutination inhibition anti-NDV: Anti-Newcastle disease vaccine MDA: Malonaldehyde NO: Nitric oxide IHC: Immunohistochemistry References Abdel-Moneim A-ME, Selim DA, Basuony HA, Sabic EM, Saleh AA, Ebeid TA (2020) Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis spores on growth performance, oxidative status, and digestive enzyme activities in Japanese quail birds
Previously only available to elite athletes, the renowned stack is now available in a nasal delivery method, supporting muscle and ligament repair in weeks
Jul 5 2012;367(1):11-19
