Halin S, Hammarsten P, Adamo H, Wikstrom P, Bergh A
A healthcare professional administers the injection in a quick session, typically in the upper arm or hip
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319664 43
Previous studies have documented the presence of systemic oxidative stress in patients with AMD in comparison to non-AMD cohorts, indicated by the upregulation of MDA, 8-OHdG, and protein carbonyls [221]
Summary: Vitamin B12 supplementation in elderly patients is generally safe and well-tolerated, with most side effects being mild and transient, such as injection site reactions or minor gastrointestinal symptoms
Oral supplements can support the treatment but work slower