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Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954

PMIs own research shows some toxic chemicals are higher in IQOS emissions than in cigarette smoke, questioning its claim that IQOS is a reduced-risk product

To examine the potential role of smoking in UC, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis of nine case-control studies sourced from multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus

Tobacco contains nicotine and additional carcinogens beyond those present in cannabis smoke alone

Feyerabend C, Russell MA (1990)

compared to combusted tobacco, tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamines like nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are lower in oral tobacco (a cause of (peri-)oral cancers) and even lower trace amounts have been found in vaping solutions