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3 Advances in understanding the gut-brain-kidney axis 3.1 Microbial metabolites and their impact Recent studies are increasingly demonstrating the influence of gut microbial-derived metabolites in the pathophysiology of the brain and kidneys

Door storage experiences significant temperature swings every time the refrigerator opens

Pal HC, Pearlman RL, Afaq F

In males, HCG stimulates Leydig cells to synthesize testosterone, which is critical for sperm production and male reproductive function

CD4 effector T cells are major drivers of abnormal immunity in RA by sustaining chronic synovitis and supporting autoantibody production and a lack of reactive oxygen species could boost pro-inflammatory T cells, which shed light on the importance of energy metabolism in RA

Furthermore, in the studies covering a stimulus and disease with organ-specific cytotoxicity, the significance of measuring organ-specific biomarkers greatly increases (Tajima et al., 2019