Observed mechanisms include direct neuronal damage, disruption of key neurotransmitter pathways such as AChE activity, induction of cellular stress responses, and alterations in both locomotor and spontaneous activity patterns, particularly in Drosophila
The primer sequences are summarized in Table 2
Physiologia Plantarum 139, 421434
A composite fault score was calculated for all animals injured and uninjured hindlimbs at each postoperative time (see the following equations)
We measured glutathione, glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left insula, and visual cortex using 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
The cell-free supernatant was combined with a sulfhydryl preserving solution and assayed for glutathione content by HPLC and normalized based on the urea dilution method as described previously ( STATISTICS Nominal data are presented as means with SE and analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnets or Bennetts post hoc test as indicated
